TACHS Section Breakdown: Reading Comprehension
Passage Types and Lengths
The TACHS reading comprehension section typically consists of several short to medium-length passages, ranging from 200 to 500 words each. These passages are drawn from diverse genres, including narrative fiction, informational science articles, and historical biographies. The variety is intentional, testing the student's ability to shift their cognitive focus from the descriptive language of a story to the technical vocabulary of a factual report. Because the TACHS is a timed exam, the length of these passages often creates a sense of urgency. Students must practice active reading techniques, such as identifying the thesis statement or the primary conflict within the first few sentences, to ensure they do not waste precious minutes re-reading the same paragraph. Most versions of the test allocate approximately 25 to 30 minutes for this section, making reading speed and retrieval efficiency paramount.
Question Categories (Main Idea, Detail, Inference)
Questions in the reading section are categorized into three primary levels of cognitive processing. First are the Literal Comprehension questions, which require students to locate specific details explicitly stated in the text. These test scanning speed and accuracy. Second are the Main Idea questions, which ask the student to synthesize the passage as a whole and identify the author's primary purpose. These often include "distractor" options that are true statements from the text but do not represent the overarching theme. Third, and most challenging, are Inference questions. These require students to read between the lines and draw logical conclusions based on evidence not explicitly stated. For example, a student might be asked to characterize a narrator’s tone as "cynical" or "optimistic" based on word choice, a skill that requires a nuanced understanding of secondary meanings and rhetorical devices.
Vocabulary-in-Context Questions
Rather than testing isolated word lists, the TACHS assesses vocabulary through its application within a text. In these questions, a word is highlighted, and the student must select the synonym that best fits the specific usage in the passage. This tests the ability to recognize polysemy—the capacity for a word to have multiple meanings. For instance, the word "table" might refer to a piece of furniture in a domestic narrative but could mean "to postpone" in a passage about a legislative meeting. Scoring well here depends on the student’s ability to use surrounding context clues, such as contrast words (e.g., "however," "despite") or explanatory phrases, to deduce the correct meaning. This section provides a significant portion of the raw score for reading, as these questions are often faster to answer than those requiring full-passage synthesis.
Mastering the Written Expression (Language) Section
Grammar and Usage Rules Tested
The TACHS written expression topics focus heavily on the mechanics of the English language. This is not a creative writing test; there is no essay. Instead, it is a technical assessment of a student’s ability to recognize and correct standard formal English. Key concepts include subject-verb agreement, pronoun-antecedent agreement, and the correct usage of verb tenses. Students are often tested on "tricky" plurals and irregular verbs that deviate from standard patterns. A common exam scenario involves a sentence where a long prepositional phrase separates the subject from the verb, attempting to trick the student into matching the verb to the wrong noun. Mastery of these rules is essential, as the scoring system rewards precision and the ability to identify subtle errors that might be overlooked in casual speech.
Sentence Revision and Error Identification
In the Sentence Revision portion, students are presented with a sentence or a short paragraph and asked to choose the most effective way to rewrite a specific segment. This assesses knowledge of sentence structure, specifically the ability to identify and fix fragments, run-on sentences, and comma splices. The TACHS often includes questions on misplaced modifiers, where a descriptive phrase is positioned incorrectly, changing the intended meaning of the sentence. Students must also demonstrate an understanding of conciseness, choosing the option that conveys the message most clearly without unnecessary wordiness or redundancy. This sub-section is highly analytical, requiring the student to act as an editor, applying formal rules of syntax to improve the flow and clarity of written communication.
Punctuation and Capitalization Concepts
This area of the exam focuses on the "fine print" of written English. Students must identify errors in the use of commas, semicolons, colons, and apostrophes. A frequent target on the TACHS is the possessive apostrophe, particularly with plural nouns or words ending in 's'. Capitalization rules are also tested, ranging from the obvious (proper nouns) to the more nuanced (titles of honor, specific geographic regions versus general directions). The exam format often uses a "No Error" option, which challenges a student's confidence in their grammatical knowledge. To excel, candidates must be able to cite the specific rule being violated rather than relying on how the sentence "sounds," as colloquial English often deviates from the formal standards required by the TACHS assessment criteria.
Concepts Covered in the Mathematics Section
Arithmetic and Number Operations
The TACHS math concepts tested begin with a foundation in advanced arithmetic. Students must demonstrate proficiency in operations involving fractions, decimals, and percentages without the use of a calculator. This includes the ability to convert between these forms quickly—for example, knowing that 3/8 is equivalent to 0.375 or 37.5%. The exam tests the Order of Operations (PEMDAS/BODMAS), requiring students to solve multi-step expressions correctly. Another critical area is number theory, which includes concepts like prime factorization, greatest common factor (GCF), and least common multiple (LCM). Because the math section is strictly timed, the ability to perform mental math and utilize estimation techniques is a significant advantage, allowing students to eliminate obviously incorrect answers before performing the full calculation.
Basic Algebra and Geometry
Moving beyond simple arithmetic, the TACHS incorporates introductory algebra and geometry. Algebraic questions typically involve solving for a variable in a linear equation or simplifying expressions. Students should be familiar with the Distributive Property and how to combine like terms. Geometry questions focus on the properties of shapes, including calculating the perimeter, area, and volume of standard figures like triangles, circles, and rectangular prisms. A key requirement is the knowledge of fundamental formulas, such as the Area of a Circle ($A = \pi r^2$) or the Pythagorean Theorem ($a^2 + b^2 = c^2$). The exam may also include questions on coordinate geometry, asking students to identify points on a grid or understand the concept of slope, which bridges the gap between algebraic and geometric reasoning.
Word Problems and Data Analysis
The application of mathematical concepts is tested through complex word problems and data interpretation. These questions require students to translate a narrative scenario into a mathematical equation. Common topics include rate/time/distance problems, probability, and "work" problems (e.g., how long it takes two people to complete a task together). Data analysis questions involve interpreting charts, graphs, and tables to find specific information or trends. Students must calculate the Mean, Median, and Mode of a data set and understand the concept of range. Success in this area depends on the ability to filter out "extra" information provided in the prompt that is not necessary for the calculation, a common tactic used to test the student's focus and analytical clarity.
Decoding the Abilities (Reasoning) Section
Verbal and Figural Analogies
The TACHS abilities section is often the most unfamiliar to students because it does not mimic standard classroom curriculum. It is a measure of raw cognitive processing and logic. Verbal analogies ask students to identify the relationship between a pair of words and apply that same logic to a second pair (e.g., "Glove is to Hand as Shoe is to _____"). Figural analogies apply this same logic to shapes and symbols. This requires the student to identify transformations such as rotation, reflection, or changes in shading. The key is to define the relationship precisely. If the relationship is "part to whole," the answer must follow that exact hierarchy. This section assesses the student's Fluid Intelligence, or the ability to solve new problems without relying solely on previously acquired knowledge.
Sequence Completion and Pattern Recognition
In the sequence completion sub-section, students are presented with a series of numbers, letters, or figures and must determine the underlying rule to predict the next item in the series. For numerical sequences, the rule might involve alternating operations (e.g., +2, then *3). For figural sequences, it often involves the movement of elements within a frame, such as a dot moving clockwise around a square. Identifying the pattern increment is essential. Students must look for changes in size, number, orientation, and color. This tests the ability to maintain multiple variables in short-term memory while searching for a consistent logic. These questions are designed to be solved quickly; if a student cannot find the pattern within 30 seconds, they are encouraged to move on and return later, as the logic often becomes clearer upon a second viewing.
Spatial Visualization and Logic
Spatial visualization questions require students to mentally manipulate 2D and 3D objects. A common question type involves "paper folding," where a student must imagine where holes would appear on a piece of paper after it has been folded and punched. Another type is "figure classification," where students must identify which shape does not belong in a set based on a shared characteristic, such as the number of vertices or symmetry. These tasks measure Abstract Reasoning skills. The logic questions might also include syllogisms or deductive reasoning puzzles where the student must determine what must be true based on a set of given premises. Because these questions do not rely on vocabulary or math facts, they provide the admissions committees with a look at the student’s innate problem-solving potential regardless of their previous schooling.
Strategic Approaches for Each Question Type
Elimination Techniques for Multiple Choice
Since the TACHS is entirely multiple-choice, the Process of Elimination (POE) is the most powerful tool in a student's arsenal. For every question, there is one correct answer and three "distractors." In the math section, distractors are often the result of common calculation errors (like forgetting to carry a digit). In the reading section, they may be statements that are true but irrelevant. By identifying and crossing out "extreme" answers—those containing words like "always," "never," or "only"—students can improve their odds of selecting the correct choice even if they are unsure. This strategic approach turns a one-in-four guess into a one-in-two choice, significantly increasing the statistical probability of a higher raw score. Students should never leave a question blank, as there is no penalty for guessing on the TACHS.
Time Management Per Section
Time pressure is a deliberate feature of the TACHS test content outline. Each section has a strict time limit, often allowing less than one minute per question. To manage this, students should employ a "two-pass" system. On the first pass, they should answer all the easy and medium-difficulty questions. If a question seems overly complex or time-consuming, it should be marked in the test booklet and skipped. On the second pass, the student returns to the difficult items. This ensures that they do not run out of time and miss easy points at the end of a section. Monitoring the classroom clock is vital; a student should know their "milestone" times—for instance, being halfway through the math section when half the time has elapsed. This disciplined pacing prevents the panic that often leads to careless errors in the final minutes of the exam.
Practice Drills Tailored to Each Area
Effective preparation requires drills that mimic the specific constraints of the TACHS. For the reading section, students should practice "skimming for keywords" to decrease the time spent on initial reading. For math, daily practice of "mental arithmetic" helps build the speed necessary to handle the computation-heavy items. The abilities section requires a different approach; students should solve various logic puzzles and pattern-matching games to familiarize their brains with non-verbal reasoning. Using a proctored practice exam is the best way to build the stamina required for the two-and-a-half-hour testing period. By simulating the actual environment—including the lack of a calculator and the strict silence—students can reduce test-day anxiety and ensure their performance reflects their true academic potential.
Weight of Each Section
While the TACHS provides scores for each individual section, the way these are weighted can vary slightly depending on the specific high school's admissions criteria. Generally, each of the four sections—Reading, Written Expression, Mathematics, and Abilities—contributes equally to your raw score. However, some schools may place a higher emphasis on the Ability Index, which comes from the reasoning section, as it is seen as a predictor of future success rather than just a measure of past learning. Understanding this helps students prioritize their study time. If a student is naturally gifted in math but struggles with abstract patterns, focusing on the abilities section could yield a higher total point gain than marginal improvements in their already-strong math score.
Identifying and Strengthening Weak Areas
A diagnostic practice test is essential for identifying a student's "performance gap." By analyzing which section has the lowest percentage of correct answers, a student can create a targeted study plan. For example, if errors in the written expression section are consistently related to punctuation, the student should focus specifically on comma rules and semicolon usage rather than general grammar. This granular approach to improvement is more effective than broad review. Furthermore, students should analyze why they missed questions: was it a lack of knowledge, a time management issue, or a misunderstanding of the question format? Addressing the root cause of the error is the only way to ensure it is not repeated on the actual TACHS exam.
The Role of the Composite Score
The final result of the TACHS is reported as a Composite Score, which is often presented as a percentile rank. This rank compares the student's performance to all other testers locally and nationally. A percentile rank of 85 means the student performed better than 85% of all test-takers. Catholic high schools use this composite score, along with the student's 6th, 7th, and 8th-grade transcripts, to make admission and scholarship decisions. Because the composite score is an aggregate, a very high score in one section can help offset a slightly lower score in another. However, most elite programs look for a balanced profile, meaning students should strive for consistent performance across all areas of the TACHS section breakdown to remain competitive for their top-choice schools.