Praxis SLLA Exam Structure: A Section-by-Section Breakdown
The Three Core Leadership Domains
The Praxis 6990 test structure is built upon the Professional Standards for Educational Leaders (PSEL). These standards are organized into three overarching domains that categorize the daily responsibilities of a school administrator. The first domain focuses on Strategic Leadership, which assesses a candidate's ability to develop, articulate, and implement a shared vision of learning. The second domain, Instructional Leadership, shifts the focus toward the classroom, evaluating how leaders support teacher development and student achievement through data-driven instruction. Finally, the Climate and Cultural Leadership domain addresses the social-emotional and ethical dimensions of schooling, ensuring that leaders can foster an inclusive and safe environment. Each domain is tested through a combination of discrete questions and scenario-based tasks to ensure a holistic evaluation of leadership readiness.
Selected-Response (Multiple Choice) Question Count
The bulk of the assessment consists of 120 selected-response questions. These items are distributed evenly across the three core domains, with approximately 40 questions dedicated to each. It is important to note that while most questions are standard four-option multiple-choice items, the exam also utilizes innovative question types. These may include "select all that apply" formats or items that require clicking on a specific part of a graphic or table. These questions are designed to simulate the complex data-interpretation tasks a principal faces, such as analyzing a School Improvement Plan (SIP) or evaluating disaggregated standardized test scores. Candidates must be prepared for the cognitive load of switching between quick recall of legal statutes and the deep analysis of school-wide data sets within this 120-item block.
Constructed-Response (Written) Task Overview
Beyond the multiple-choice section, the exam requires candidates to complete three constructed-response tasks. Each task corresponds to one of the three core leadership domains: Strategic, Instructional, and Climate/Cultural leadership. These are not merely essays; they are performance-based simulations where the candidate must respond to a specific prompt, such as a set of teacher observation notes, a budget spreadsheet, or a community grievance letter. Scoring for these tasks is based on a rubric-based assessment where evaluators look for evidence of professional judgment, alignment with PSEL standards, and the ability to propose actionable solutions. Because these tasks require synthesizing multiple pieces of evidence, they represent the most time-intensive portion of the assessment and carry significant weight in the final scaled score.
Detailed Timing and Pacing for the 3.5-Hour Test
Allocated Time per Question Type
The Praxis 6990 time limit is strictly enforced at 3 hours and 30 minutes (210 minutes). This time is divided into two distinct periods. Candidates are granted 150 minutes (2.5 hours) to complete the 120 selected-response questions. This allows for an average of 75 seconds per question. Once this portion is concluded, the final 60 minutes are dedicated to the three constructed-response tasks. This provides exactly 20 minutes per written response. There is no pooled time; you cannot use "saved" time from the multiple-choice section to extend your writing time. Understanding this hard divide is critical for maintaining focus, as the mental fatigue that sets in after 120 multiple-choice questions can jeopardize the quality of the written responses if a candidate is not conditioned for the duration.
Recommended Pacing Strategies
Effective pacing on the SLLA requires a disciplined approach to the raw score accumulation. For the selected-response section, a "two-pass" strategy is often most effective. In the first pass, candidates should answer all questions they can resolve in under 45 seconds, marking more complex scenario-based items for review. This ensures that easy points are secured before the clock becomes a factor. For the constructed-response section, the 20-minute-per-task limit necessitates a 5-10-5 split: 5 minutes for reading the prompt and outlining, 10 minutes for drafting the response using specific evidence from the provided documents, and 5 minutes for proofreading against the prompt's requirements. Adhering to this rhythm prevents the common pitfall of over-writing on the first prompt and leaving the final task incomplete.
Managing the Transition Between Sections
The SLLA test day format does not include a scheduled break between the selected-response and constructed-response sections. When the 150-minute clock for Section I expires, the 60-minute clock for Section II begins immediately. This transition is often where candidates lose momentum. It is vital to mentally reset during the brief moments the screen loads the next section. Because the exam is a continuous experience, any unscheduled break (such as a restroom visit) will result in the loss of active testing time. Candidates should practice "stamina sessions" during their preparation, where they sit for the full 3.5 hours without interruption to simulate the physical and mental demands of the actual testing environment.
Question Types and Content Specifications
Anatomy of a Selected-Response Question
Every selected-response item on the SLLA is mapped to the Praxis School Leaders test blueprint. These questions typically present a problem-solving scenario rather than a request for rote memorization. For example, a question might describe a conflict between a veteran teacher and a new instructional coach regarding a specific curriculum alignment issue. The options will then provide four potential administrative actions. To select the correct response, the candidate must identify which action most closely aligns with the PSEL standards—usually the one that prioritizes student learning and professional ethics over administrative convenience. Recognizing the "distractors" (options that look correct but fail to address the root cause of the scenario) is a key skill for maximizing the score in this section.
Understanding the Constructed-Response Prompts
The constructed-response prompts are designed to test the application of administrative theory to real-world artifacts. A common prompt might include a Professional Development (PD) plan and a corresponding set of student achievement data. The candidate would be asked to evaluate the effectiveness of the PD plan in relation to the data trends. These prompts often require a three-part response: an identification of the problem, a proposed intervention, and a justification for that intervention based on research or best practices. Because the scoring is holistic, candidates must ensure they address every part of the prompt. Missing a single sub-task within the prompt can significantly lower the score for that entire section, regardless of how well the rest of the response is written.
How Content is Weighted Across the Test
The SLLA uses a weighted scoring system where the selected-response section accounts for approximately 75% of the total score, and the constructed-response section accounts for the remaining 25%. However, because the written tasks are fewer in number, each individual written response carries much more weight than a single multiple-choice question. The Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) is factored into the final scaled score, which typically ranges from 100 to 200. Most states require a passing score in the 146–151 range. Understanding this weighting helps candidates prioritize their study; while the multiple-choice section provides the foundation for a passing score, the constructed-response section is often what pushes a candidate into the qualifying range for licensure.
Test Delivery and Logistics: Center vs. At-Home
In-Person Testing at Prometric Centers
For many candidates, taking the exam at a dedicated Prometric testing center provides a controlled environment free from domestic distractions. Upon arrival, you will undergo a secure check-in process involving photo identification and the storage of all personal items in a locker. The testing stations are partitioned, and the software used is the standard ETS Test Player. One advantage of the center is the availability of on-site technical support and a provided scratchpad or erasable whitebook for outlining the constructed-response tasks. However, candidates must account for travel time and the potential for a rigid environment that may increase test-day anxiety. Scheduling well in advance is necessary, as seats at popular centers fill up months before the peak hiring seasons for administrators.
Praxis At Home: Requirements and Process
The "Praxis At Home" option offers the convenience of testing in a familiar environment, but it comes with strict technical and environmental requirements. Candidates must have a computer with a Windows or macOS operating system (ChromeOS is generally not supported) and a working webcam and microphone. A human proctor monitors the session via ProctorU software, and the candidate must perform a 360-degree room scan to ensure no prohibited materials are present. The testing room must be private, with a clear desk and a closed door. Any interruption by family members or pets can lead to the immediate voiding of the exam session. This option is ideal for those who live far from a testing center or who prefer the comfort of their own ergonomic setup.
What to Bring and What's Prohibited
Regardless of the location, the list of prohibited items is extensive to maintain the integrity of the Praxis test. No watches, jewelry (except wedding bands), or electronic devices are allowed in the testing area. For the in-person exam, you must bring a valid, government-issued ID that exactly matches the name on your registration. For the at-home version, you are permitted a small desktop whiteboard or a transparent sheet protector with a dry-erase marker for note-taking, as scratch paper is strictly forbidden to prevent the removal of exam content. Failure to adhere to these rules can result in a Testing Irregularity (TI) report, which may delay the release of scores or lead to a ban from future testing.
Registration, Scheduling, and Fees
Step-by-Step Registration Process
Registration for the SLLA is managed through the official ETS website. Candidates must create a Praxis account, select the "Register for a Test" option, and enter the test code 6990. During this process, you will also select up to four institutions or licensing agencies to receive your scores for free. It is critical to select your state's Department of Education at this stage; adding recipients after the test date incurs additional fees. Once the test is selected, you will be prompted to choose between a testing center or the at-home format. Double-check all personal information, as discrepancies between your account and your identification can prevent you from testing on the scheduled day.
Scheduling Your Test Date and Location
The SLLA is offered in testing windows rather than on a continuous daily basis. These windows typically last two to three weeks and occur several times throughout the year. When scheduling your test date, consider the reporting timelines; scores for the 6990 exam are usually released 4–5 weeks after the close of the testing window because of the human-scoring component of the constructed-response tasks. If you are applying for a specific administrative position, ensure your test date allows for the scores to reach the licensing board before your application deadline. You can reschedule your appointment up to three full days before your test date for a fee, but changes made after that window are generally not permitted.
Exam Fees and Payment Methods
As of the current testing cycle, the fee for the Praxis SLLA (6990) is approximately $425. This makes it one of the more expensive exams in the Praxis catalog, reflecting the complexity of the scoring process. Payments can be made via credit/debit card, PayPal, or e-check. While the cost is significant, many school districts offer reimbursement programs for teachers pursuing leadership certifications. It is also important to note that if you need to retake the exam, the full fee applies for each attempt. There is a mandatory 28-day waiting period between attempts, which is designed to allow for meaningful remediation and study between sessions.
Creating a Study Schedule Based on Test Structure
A successful study plan must mirror the Praxis School Leaders test blueprint. Rather than studying topics in isolation, organize your schedule by the three domains: Strategic, Instructional, and Climate/Cultural Leadership. Dedicate 30% of your time to each domain, and the final 10% to practicing the specific format of the constructed-response tasks. Within each domain, focus on the "Big Three" of school leadership: legal requirements (IDEA, ESSA), instructional coaching models, and ethical decision-making. By aligning your study hours to the weight of the test sections, you ensure that you are not over-preparing for minor topics while neglecting the high-value areas that define the 120 selected-response items.
Practice Tests that Mimic Real Timing
Using a full-length practice test is the only way to truly prepare for the 3.5-hour endurance requirement. When taking a practice exam, use a timer and adhere to the 150/60 split. Do not allow yourself to look up answers or take breaks that wouldn't be available on test day. After completing the practice test, perform a granular analysis of your results. Don't just look at the total score; identify which domain had the most incorrect answers and whether those errors occurred more frequently toward the end of the 150-minute block. If your performance dipped in the final 30 minutes of the multiple-choice section, your primary challenge may be mental stamina rather than content knowledge.
Simulating the Test Day Experience
To reduce anxiety, simulate the SLLA test day format as closely as possible in the week leading up to the exam. If you are testing at home, do a "dry run" of your technical setup and clear your workspace of all clutter. If you are going to a center, drive to the location at the same time of day as your appointment to gauge traffic and parking. Practice writing your constructed-response outlines on a whiteboard, as the tactile experience differs from using paper. By removing the "newness" of the testing environment, you can lower your cortisol levels and ensure that on the day of the exam, your cognitive resources are entirely dedicated to demonstrating your readiness for school leadership.