Misapplying the Order of Operations (PEMDAS)
The Order of Operations, often remembered by the acronym PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, Addition and Subtraction), serves as the foundational rule for every multi-step problem on the exam. A common source of HESI A2 math errors is the failure to treat multiplication and division as operations of equal priority that must be solved from left to right. Candidates frequently prioritize multiplication over division regardless of their position in the expression, which leads to an incorrect numerical result. In the context of the HESI, where many questions are multiple-choice, distractors are specifically designed to match the answers produced by these common procedural mistakes.
The Fraction and Decimal Trap
One of the most complex applications of PEMDAS occurs when a problem involves a Fraction (mathematics) containing operations in both the numerator and the denominator. Many students fail to recognize that the fraction bar acts as a grouping symbol, similar to parentheses. To learn how to solve HESI A2 fraction problems correctly, you must evaluate the entire numerator and the entire denominator separately before performing the final division. For example, in an expression like (4 + 6) / (2 * 5), skipping the grouping step results in a calculation error. Furthermore, when decimals are introduced into these multi-step equations, the risk of misplacing the decimal point increases. Candidates often forget to align decimals during addition or fail to count the total number of decimal places when multiplying, leading to answers that are off by powers of ten. Mastery requires practicing the conversion of fractions to decimals and vice versa to choose the most efficient path for the specific numbers provided.
Over-reliance on the Calculator
The HESI A2 provides an on-screen calculator, but using it as a crutch often leads to avoid calculation errors HESI strategies being ignored. The calculator is a basic tool; it does not understand the order of operations unless you input the data with perfect syntax. Many students enter a long string of numbers into the calculator without using parentheses, causing the device to execute operations in a linear sequence that contradicts PEMDAS. This is particularly dangerous in complex dosage calculation scenarios or multi-step percentage problems. To mitigate this, you should perform a "sanity check" by estimating the answer mentally before using the device. If your calculator produces a result of 450 but your mental estimate was 45, you immediately know a keystroke error occurred. Use the calculator for final verification of arithmetic rather than as a replacement for conceptual understanding.
Misreading and Mis-setting Up Word Problems
Word problems are often cited as the most difficult aspect of the math section because they require translating linguistic information into a mathematical model. Poor HESI A2 word problem strategies often involve rushing into calculations before the logic of the scenario is fully understood. The exam frequently includes "extra" information—numerical data that is irrelevant to the specific question being asked—to test your ability to filter data. If you begin adding every number you see, you will inevitably arrive at an incorrect conclusion.
Failure to Identify the Core Question
A frequent error is solving for the wrong variable. For instance, a problem might describe a patient's fluid intake over several hours and then ask for the remaining amount of fluid needed to reach a goal, rather than the total amount consumed. Candidates who do not underline the specific prompt often stop after the first step of the calculation. This is a classic "distractor" trap where the intermediate value is listed as option A, while the actual answer is option C. To avoid this, always re-read the final sentence of the prompt before selecting an answer. Ensure that your numerical result actually answers the question asked (e.g., if the question asks for "miles per hour," your answer should not be just the total "miles").
Not Converting Units Correctly
The HESI A2 math section heavily features the Metric System and its relationship to household measurements. A common mistake is performing calculations using mismatched units, such as adding milligrams to grams without converting them to a uniform scale first. In clinical math, a single decimal error in unit conversion can be the difference between a therapeutic dose and a lethal one, which is why the exam weighs these questions heavily. You must be fluent in converting Celsius to Fahrenheit using the formula °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9, and you must know standard equivalents like 1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds or 1 ounce = 30 milliliters. Failing to perform these conversions at the very beginning of a word problem is a primary cause of avoidable errors.
Rushing Through Basic Arithmetic
Even high-achieving students are susceptible to "silly" mistakes in addition, subtraction, and multiplication. These errors are rarely due to a lack of skill but are a byproduct of HESI math section time pressure. When the clock is ticking, the brain tends to use shortcuts that can fail under stress. In a section where every point counts toward your composite score, a simple subtraction error is just as damaging as a complex algebraic mistake.
Mental Math Under Pressure
While mental math is a valuable skill for speed, it becomes a liability when candidates attempt to hold too many variables in their head simultaneously. Under the stress of an admission exam, working memory is taxed, making it easy to forget a "carried" digit in multiplication or to miscalculate a basic fact like 7 x 8. To maintain accuracy, you should use your scratch paper for every operation that involves more than two digits. Writing down the steps externalizes the cognitive load, allowing your brain to focus on the logic of the problem rather than just holding onto numbers. Consistent practice with multiplication tables up to 15 can help, but on test day, physical verification on paper is the safer route.
Skipping the Re-check Step
Many candidates submit their answers as soon as they see their result match one of the multiple-choice options. However, as mentioned previously, test-makers design "incorrect" options based on the most common arithmetic slips. If you finish a question quickly, take five seconds to perform the inverse operation. For example, if you solved a division problem, multiply your quotient by the divisor to see if you return to the original dividend. This verification loop is the most effective way to catch small errors before they finalize. Given that the HESI A2 is often scored on a scale of 0 to 100%, missing just two or three "easy" questions due to a lack of re-checking can significantly drop your percentile rank.
Inefficient Time Management Strategies
The math section is generally timed at 50 minutes for approximately 50 questions, meaning you have roughly 60 seconds per item. Inefficient time management is a silent score-killer. Many students treat the exam linearly, feeling an internal obligation to solve question 5 before moving to question 6. This "sunk cost" fallacy can lead to a situation where you spend five minutes on a single difficult problem and are forced to rush through five easy ones at the end.
Getting Stuck on a Single Problem
It is common to encounter a word problem or a complex fraction that simply does not "click" on the first read. The mistake is staying on that screen until you figure it out. If a problem takes more than 90 seconds, you are effectively stealing time from other questions. The HESI interface usually allows for some form of navigation or flagging. If you find yourself spinning your wheels, make an educated guess, flag the question, and move on. Often, solving other problems "warms up" the brain, and the solution to the difficult question becomes clearer when you return to it with a fresh perspective later in the session.
Poor Pacing Across the Section
Candidates often start too slowly, being overly cautious on the first ten questions, only to realize they have 20 questions left with only 10 minutes remaining. This leads to panic, which drastically increases the rate of HESI A2 math errors. A better approach is to aim for a "milestone" pace: you should be roughly halfway through the questions when half the time has elapsed. If you find you are behind this pace, you must consciously decide to speed up on the more straightforward items, such as basic household-to-metric conversions, to bank time for the more labor-intensive ratio and proportion word problems.
Conceptual Gaps in Foundational Topics
A significant portion of the HESI A2 math section focuses on the relationship between parts and wholes. If your understanding of these concepts is purely memorized rather than conceptual, the exam's tendency to present problems in varied formats will cause confusion. Deep conceptual knowledge allows you to pivot when a question is framed differently than your practice materials.
Confusion Between Ratios and Fractions
While ratios and fractions are related, they represent different perspectives on data. A fraction represents a part of a whole (e.g., 3/4 of a pizza), whereas a ratio can represent a part-to-part relationship (e.g., 3 pepperoni slices for every 4 mushroom slices). A common mistake occurs in "total" problems. If a mixture has a ratio of 2:3 of Substance A to Substance B, the fraction of Substance A is not 2/3, but 2/5 (the part over the sum of the parts). Misinterpreting this relationship leads to incorrect setups in proportions, which are a staple of the HESI math section. To solve these reliably, always identify whether the numbers given represent a piece of the total or a comparison between two independent groups.
Percentage Increase/Decrease Errors
Percentage change is a frequent topic that many candidates calculate incorrectly by using the wrong denominator. The rule for percentage increase or decrease is: (Change / Original Value) x 100. Many students mistakenly put the "new" value or the "larger" value in the denominator regardless of the context. For example, if a patient's weight drops from 200 lbs to 180 lbs, the decrease is 20/200 (10%), not 20/180 (11.1%). Understanding that the "original" or "starting" point is always the base of the calculation is vital for accuracy in these problems, which are often framed as medication dosage adjustments or weight fluctuations.
Test-Day Strategy for the Math Section
Success on the HESI A2 is as much about strategy as it is about content knowledge. High-scoring candidates use specific systems to manage the digital testing environment and maintain their focus. Implementing a structured approach to the section can help you stay calm and systematic, even when faced with challenging material.
The Two-Pass Approach
One of the most effective ways to maximize your score is the "Two-Pass Approach." In the first pass, answer all the questions that you can solve quickly and with high confidence—these are usually the direct conversions, simple fractions, and basic equations. This builds momentum and ensures that you have secured all the "easy" points. During this pass, flag the complex word problems and multi-step algebraic equations. In the second pass, return to the flagged items. Since you have already completed the bulk of the exam, the time pressure is reduced, allowing you to devote your full cognitive energy to the more difficult tasks. This prevents the "panic guessing" that often occurs at the end of a session.
Using the Scratch Paper Effectively
Your scratch paper should not be a chaotic mess of numbers; it should be an organized record of your work. Divide your paper into numbered squares corresponding to the question numbers. This organization is crucial if you need to return to a flagged question; instead of re-solving the entire problem, you can look at your previous work, identify where you got stuck, and continue from there. Furthermore, writing down the given values and the goal unit for every word problem helps prevent the unit-conversion errors mentioned earlier. For instance, writing "Given: 500mg, Goal: grams" at the top of your workspace serves as a visual reminder to divide by 1,000 before finalizing your answer. This level of meticulousness is what separates average scores from the high-90s required for competitive nursing programs.