CFA Level 1 Topic Weightings 2026: The Official Breakdown
Ethics and Quantitative Methods Weight Ranges
Ethical and Professional Standards remains the cornerstone of the CFA program, consistently commanding the highest individual weighting of 15–20%. In the context of the CFA Level 1 curriculum breakdown, this means Ethics alone can account for up to 36 questions. The scoring logic here is unique; the CFA Institute has been known to use an "Ethics adjustment," where candidates on the borderline of passing may be pushed into the passing category if they perform exceptionally well in this section. Mastery of the Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct is not merely about memorization but applying specific sub-sections, such as Suitability (Standard III.C) or Material Nonpublic Information (Standard II.A), to complex vignettes.
Quantitative Methods (QM) typically carries a weighting of 6–9%. While this is lower than in previous decades, QM serves as the mathematical engine for the entire curriculum. The 2026 exam focuses heavily on the Time Value of Money (TVM), probability distributions, and the transition toward data science and big data analytics. Candidates must be proficient with the Texas Instruments BA II Plus or HP 12C calculator to solve for Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) rapidly. A failure to master the underlying mechanics of hypothesis testing or the Central Limit Theorem in this section will create significant friction when attempting to learn Portfolio Management or Fixed Income later in the study cycle.
Financial Reporting and Analysis Focus
Financial Statement Analysis (FSA)—formerly known as Financial Reporting and Analysis—is a critical pillar with a weighting range of 11–14%. This section is often cited as the most demanding due to the sheer volume of material. The CFA exam blueprint emphasizes the mechanics of the three primary financial statements: the Balance Sheet, Income Statement, and Cash Flow Statement. However, the true difficulty lies in the nuances of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) versus U.S. GAAP.
Candidates are expected to perform adjustments for items like LIFO-to-FIFO conversions, capitalized versus expensed costs, and the treatment of operating and finance leases. In the 2026 curriculum, there is an increased focus on the quality of financial reports, requiring candidates to identify "red flags" in earnings manipulation. Because FSA accounts for roughly 20–25 questions, a candidate's ability to calculate the Cash Flow from Operations (CFO) using the indirect method or determine the impact of deferred tax assets on solvency is often a deciding factor in their overall pass/fail outcome.
Equity, Fixed Income, and Portfolio Management Weights
Asset valuation topics—Equity Investments and Fixed Income—each carry a substantial 11–14% weighting. Equity focuses on market structure and valuation models, such as the Gordon Growth Model and Multi-stage Dividend Discount Models. Fixed Income, conversely, requires a deep understanding of debt instrument features, risks, and valuation. Candidates must master the relationship between price and yield, as well as the calculation of Effective Duration and Convexity to measure interest rate sensitivity. These two sections combined represent nearly 25% of the exam, making them the "heavy hitters" of the second exam session.
Portfolio Management has seen its importance grow, now weighted at 8–12%. This section introduces the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the Efficient Frontier. In 2026, the curriculum places greater emphasis on the Investment Policy Statement (IPS) and the basics of risk management. Unlike the isolated calculations in QM, Portfolio Management requires an integrated understanding of how different asset classes interact. For instance, understanding the Sharpe Ratio is essential for comparing risk-adjusted returns, a concept that bridges the gap between basic statistics and practical investment oversight.
Translating Topic Weights into Exam Questions
Calculating Approximate Questions Per Topic
The total number of questions on the CFA Level I exam is fixed at 180, divided into two sessions of 90 questions each. To develop a CFA Level 1 study plan by weight, you must convert percentages into question counts. For a topic like Corporate Issuers, which is weighted at 6–9%, you can expect between 11 and 16 questions. This calculation is vital because it prevents candidates from over-studying niche sub-topics that may only yield a single question.
The exam uses a Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) format where each item has three options. There is no penalty for guessing, so your strategy should focus on maximizing the "hit rate" in high-weight areas. If you are scoring 80% in Ethics (up to 36 questions) but only 50% in Derivatives (up to 14 questions), your weighted average remains strong. However, the reverse—mastering low-weight topics while failing Ethics—is a high-risk strategy that rarely results in a passing score.
Identifying the Most Heavily Tested Areas
When looking at the most heavily tested CFA topics, four areas dominate: Ethics, FSA, Equity, and Fixed Income. Together, these four subjects can account for up to 62% of the total exam. A candidate who achieves a "Mastery" level (scoring >70%) in these four sections could theoretically pass the exam even with mediocre scores in the remaining six areas. This is why the CFA topic area percentages are the most important data points in your preparation.
For example, Fixed Income involves complex calculations regarding Yield to Maturity (YTM) and spot rates. Given its 11–14% weight, you should expect multiple questions on the term structure of interest rates and credit analysis. In contrast, Alternative Investments (7–10%) covers a broad range of assets—private equity, real estate, commodities, and hedge funds—but with fewer total questions, the level of depth required for any single sub-asset class is slightly lower than the depth required for common stock valuation in the Equity section.
How Weight Stability Aids Long-Term Planning
The CFA Institute rarely makes drastic changes to weightings year-over-year, which provides a level of predictability for candidates. This stability allows for a long-term modular study approach. If you know that Derivatives will consistently represent 5–8% of the exam, you can decide early on whether to invest the 40+ hours required to master the Binomial Option Pricing Model or to focus those hours on FSA, where the return on investment (in terms of points) is significantly higher.
This predictability also aids in the use of Mock Exams. When reviewing your performance on practice tests, you should calculate your Weighted Score. If you miss five questions in Ethics, it is a much more significant failure than missing five questions in Economics, because the Ethics questions represent a larger portion of the actual exam's "point pool." This objective assessment prevents the psychological trap of feeling "prepared" just because your raw score is high, when in reality, you may be failing the most critical sections.
Building a Study Plan Around the 2026 Weightings
Allocating Study Hours Based on Importance
A common mistake is to allocate equal time to all ten topics. A more effective approach uses the CFA L1 topic weightings 2026 as a time-allocation matrix. If the recommended total study time is 300 hours, a topic weighted at 15% (like Ethics) should receive approximately 45 hours of dedicated study, while a 6% topic (like Corporate Issuers) should receive roughly 18 hours.
However, this must be balanced against the "difficulty-to-weight" ratio. For many, Economics (6–9%) is conceptually difficult but carries a lower weight than Equity. In this scenario, you might choose to "skim" the more complex macroeconomic theories like Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply (AD/AS) modeling to ensure you have enough time to master the Capital Allocation Line (CAL) in Portfolio Management. Efficiency is found by identifying where your personal strengths overlap with the highest-weighted sections of the exam.
Sequencing Your Review: High-Weight vs. Low-Weight Topics
The sequence of your study plan can impact your retention of high-weight material. Many successful candidates use a "sandwich" method: starting with a foundational high-weight topic (QM or FSA), moving through several low-weight topics (Derivatives, Alternatives), and finishing with high-weight asset classes (Equity, Fixed Income). This ensures that the most complex and heavily tested material is refreshed closer to the exam date.
Ethics is the exception to this rule. Because it relies heavily on nuance and localized "case study" logic, it should be studied at the very beginning and then reviewed in short, 15-minute bursts throughout the entire study period. This "spaced repetition" helps internalize the Standards of Practice Handbook guidance, making it easier to distinguish between a "Recommended Procedure" and a "Requirement" under the CFA Institute's strict regulatory framework.
Integrating Ethics Throughout Your Preparation
Ethics should never be treated as an isolated module. The 2026 exam increasingly integrates ethical considerations into other topic areas. For instance, a question in the Corporate Issuers section might ask about the ethical implications of a board's composition, or an FSA question might touch on the ethics of "earnings smoothing."
By integrating Ethics into your weekly review, you prepare for the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS), which is a frequently tested component within the Ethics weight range. GIPS requires a specific understanding of how firms must define themselves and how they must calculate and present investment performance. Since GIPS is a technical, rules-based framework, treating it as a recurring review item ensures that you do not lose "easy points" on the exam due to simple memory decay.
How Topic Weightings Influence Exam Strategy
Prioritizing High-Weight Sections for Mastery
To pass CFA Level I, you do not need a perfect score; you need to exceed the Minimum Passing Score (MPS) set by the Board of Governors. Strategically, this means you should aim for "Over-Learning" in the high-weight sections. In FSA, this involves being able to move fluently between the Direct Method and Indirect Method of cash flow reporting. If you can guarantee a score of 80% or higher in the four major topics (Ethics, FSA, Equity, Fixed Income), you create a massive "buffer" for the more volatile sections like Derivatives.
Mastery in these areas also builds confidence. The first session of the exam typically includes Ethics, QM, Economics, and FSA. If you are well-prepared for these high-weight sections, you will likely finish the first session with a positive momentum that carries into the second half of the day. Conversely, struggling with the high-volume FSA questions early in the morning can lead to mental fatigue and poor performance in the afternoon session.
The Risk of Neglecting Lower-Weight Topics
While focus is necessary, completely neglecting low-weight topics like Derivatives (5–8%) or Alternative Investments (7–10%) is dangerous. The CFA exam is designed to test "breadth of knowledge." Often, the questions in these lower-weighted sections are "Level 1" in difficulty—meaning they test basic definitions and fundamental concepts rather than complex multi-step calculations.
For example, a Derivatives question might simply ask for the definition of a Put-Call Parity relationship or the difference between a forward and a future. These are "low-hanging fruit." If you skip the section entirely, you lose points that are arguably easier to earn than the points in a high-weight, high-difficulty section like FSA. The goal is to achieve a "baseline competency" in everything, while pursuing "mastery" in the high-weight topics.
Balancing Depth and Breadth in Your Review
The 2026 exam demands a balance between the depth of your technical skills and the breadth of your general financial knowledge. Use the Learning Outcome Statements (LOS) provided in the curriculum to gauge the required depth. If an LOS starts with "Calculate," you must know the formula and the mechanical steps. If it starts with "Describe" or "Explain," a conceptual understanding is sufficient.
This distinction is vital for topics like Economics. The curriculum covers a vast array of topics, from Elasticity of Demand to international trade and exchange rate regimes. However, given the 6–9% weighting, you should focus on the "Calculate" LOSs first—such as calculating the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for market concentration—before spending hours on the theoretical nuances of different schools of macroeconomic thought. This focused depth ensures your study time is always productive.
Beyond the Weights: Inter-Topic Connections
Where Financial Statement Analysis Supports Other Topics
FSA is not an island; its concepts bleed into almost every other area of the exam. This is why its 11–14% weighting is actually understated in terms of its true importance. For example, in Equity Investments, you cannot calculate the Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio or the Return on Equity (ROE) without pulling data from the financial statements you studied in FSA.
Similarly, in Corporate Issuers, the study of Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) requires an understanding of how debt and equity are reported on the balance sheet. Recognizing these connections allows you to "double-dip" your study efforts. When you learn about interest expense in FSA, you are simultaneously preparing for the "Cost of Debt" portion of the WACC formula. This holistic view of the curriculum turns 3,000 pages of text into a single, interconnected web of financial knowledge.
Quantitative Methods as a Foundational Skill
Quantitative Methods provides the "language" used in Fixed Income and Portfolio Management. If you understand the Standard Deviation and Variance from the QM section, you already understand the fundamental definition of risk in Portfolio Management. If you understand the TVM concepts of discounting, you have already learned the primary method for valuing a bond in Fixed Income.
In 2026, the exam also emphasizes the Normal Distribution and its role in calculating Value at Risk (VaR). By mastering these QM concepts early, you reduce the cognitive load required to learn the later, more "applied" sections. Instead of struggling with the math of a Z-score, you can focus on the strategic implication of what that Z-score means for a portfolio's probability of loss. This foundational approach is the most efficient way to navigate the CFA Level 1 curriculum breakdown.
Ethics as a Lens for All Professional Decisions
Ethics is the only topic that applies to every single real-world scenario presented in the exam. Whether the question involves a research analyst issuing a report (Equity), a fixed-income trader executing a block trade (Fixed Income), or a portfolio manager selecting an alternative investment, the Standards of Professional Conduct apply.
Understanding "Fair Dealing" (Standard III.B) is essential when a manager is allocating a new IPO across different client accounts. Understanding "Conflicts of Interest" (Standard VI) is crucial when an advisor receives a referral fee. By viewing every topic through the "Ethics Lens," you reinforce the high-weight Ethics material while simultaneously gaining a deeper understanding of the professional responsibilities associated with each asset class. This integrated mindset is exactly what the CFA Institute seeks to cultivate in its candidates.
Verifying and Adapting to Weighting Changes
Where to Find the Official 2026 Weightings
While the general ranges are stable, candidates must always verify the exact CFA L1 topic weightings 2026 on the official CFA Institute website. The Institute typically publishes the "Exam Weights" for each level annually. These are presented as ranges (e.g., 11–14%) rather than fixed numbers to allow the examiners flexibility in question design.
Your primary resource should be the Candidate Resources section of the CFA Institute website, which includes the official syllabus and the "Learning Ecosystem." The Learning Ecosystem is particularly valuable as it categorizes practice questions by topic area, allowing you to see exactly how the Institute distributes its own practice material. If the practice bank has 500 questions for FSA and only 150 for Derivatives, that is a clear signal of the relative importance of those topics on the actual exam.
How to Adjust if Weightings Are Updated
If the CFA Institute announces a shift in weightings—for example, increasing the weight of Corporate Issuers or Portfolio Management—you must adjust your study calendar immediately. A 3% increase in a topic’s weight might seem small, but it represents a 25% increase in the number of questions for that specific subject.
In such a scenario, you should re-evaluate your "weakest" topics. If a topic you find difficult receives a weight increase, you must allocate more "active recall" sessions to that subject. Active Recall involves testing yourself on the material rather than passively re-reading. This is the most effective way to "level up" in a topic area that has suddenly become more important to your overall score.
The Role of Candidate Resources and the Learning Ecosystem
The CFA Learning Ecosystem is an adaptive platform that tracks your performance across all topic areas. It provides a "Confidence Level" for each category based on your accuracy and the time taken to answer. Use this data in conjunction with the topic weightings to fine-tune your final review.
In the final four weeks before the exam (the "Review Phase"), your goal should be to ensure that your "Confidence Level" is highest in the topics with the highest weightings. If the ecosystem shows you are "Proficient" in Alternatives but "Basic" in Fixed Income, you must pivot your focus. The CFA exam blueprint is your map, but the Learning Ecosystem is your GPS—it tells you exactly where you are on that map and how much further you need to go to reach the passing threshold. Success in 2026 is not about working harder, but about working smarter by aligning every hour of study with the points available on exam day.