CASPer Situational Judgment Test Topics: Core Domains
Ethics and Moral Reasoning Dilemmas
At the heart of the CASPer assessment are CASPer ethics topics, which frequently place the respondent in a position where two or more fundamental values are in direct opposition. These scenarios often involve a conflict between Deontological ethics—the idea that certain actions are inherently right or wrong regardless of consequences—and Utilitarianism, which focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number. For example, a prompt might involve a situation where a colleague asks you to overlook a minor policy violation to help a struggling patient.
To score highly, candidates must demonstrate a grasp of the Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. In a moral reasoning dilemma, the raters are looking for your ability to identify the stakeholders involved and the potential harms of each course of action. You must avoid taking a polarized stance immediately. Instead, use a non-judgmental tone to explore the nuances of the situation. For instance, if a scenario involves a peer cheating, you must balance the ethical obligation to maintain institutional integrity with the need to understand the peer's personal circumstances. The goal is to show a structured thought process that seeks to minimize harm while upholding ethical standards.
Professionalism and Boundary Issues
Professionalism scenarios CASPer evaluators present often focus on the maintenance of clear boundaries between personal life and professional responsibilities. These prompts test your understanding of the Fiduciary Duty, which is the legal and ethical obligation to act in the best interest of a client or patient. A common scenario might involve a client offering an expensive gift or a patient attempting to initiate a personal relationship outside of the professional setting.
In these instances, the scoring system rewards candidates who can maintain the professional relationship without being dismissive or offensive. You must demonstrate an awareness of the power imbalance inherent in professional roles. When responding, it is vital to mention the importance of consulting institutional guidelines or a supervisor—often referred to as a Chain of Command approach. This shows that you recognize you are part of a larger system and that professional standards are not subjective. You should explain why boundaries matter: they ensure objectivity, prevent exploitation, and maintain public trust in the profession. A weak response focuses only on the discomfort of the situation, whereas a strong response focuses on the long-term implications for professional integrity.
Navigating Interpersonal Conflict and Communication
Peer-to-Peer and Hierarchical Conflicts
CASPer conflict resolution is a frequent theme that tests your ability to navigate friction within a workplace or academic setting. These scenarios are often divided into two categories: horizontal conflicts (with peers) and vertical conflicts (with supervisors or subordinates). A typical prompt might involve a group project where one member is not contributing, or a senior staff member who is making errors that could compromise safety.
Effective responses utilize the Interest-Based Relational (IBR) approach, which separates the person from the problem. Instead of assuming malice, a high-scoring candidate will suggest a private, face-to-face conversation to gather more information—a concept often called "holding a non-confrontational inquiry." You should use "I" statements to express concerns without placing blame. In hierarchical conflicts, the challenge is to show respect for authority while still advocating for what is right. This requires a delicate balance of Assertiveness and diplomacy. You must demonstrate that you can manage the immediate tension while preserving the long-term working relationship, ensuring that the conflict does not escalate to a point that disrupts the team's primary objectives.
Delivering Difficult News or Feedback
Communication is a pillar of the CASPer rubric, specifically regarding the delivery of sensitive information. You may encounter a scenario where you must tell a friend they failed an exam or inform a client that a service cannot be provided. These scenarios assess your Emotional Intelligence (EQ) and your ability to practice empathy under pressure.
In your response, you should outline a process similar to the SPIKES protocol (Setting, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Empathy, and Strategy), even if the context is not medical. This involves finding a private setting, assessing the other person's understanding, and delivering the news clearly and directly without using jargon or euphemisms that cloud the truth. The raters look for your ability to sit with the other person's discomfort rather than rushing to a solution. You must explain the importance of providing follow-up support or resources, showing that your responsibility does not end the moment the news is delivered. This demonstrates a commitment to the person's well-being and a high level of professional maturity.
Teamwork, Collaboration, and Leadership Scenarios
Managing an Unproductive Team Member
Teamwork dilemmas SJT frameworks often center on the "social loafer" or the team member whose personal issues are affecting group performance. This tests your ability to balance the needs of the individual with the goals of the collective. When faced with an unproductive teammate, a common mistake is to suggest reporting them to a supervisor immediately.
Instead, a sophisticated response begins with an empathetic investigation. You should acknowledge that external factors—such as health issues, family emergencies, or a lack of clarity regarding roles—might be the root cause. This demonstrates the Principle of Charity, where you interpret someone's actions in the best possible light until proven otherwise. If the teammate is struggling, you might offer to reallocate tasks or provide additional training. However, you must also address the impact on the rest of the team. A complete answer involves setting a clear timeline for improvement and establishing accountability measures. This shows that while you are empathetic, you are also committed to the team's success and will not allow the project's quality to be compromised indefinitely.
Advocating for a Patient or Client in a System
Leadership on the CASPer test is often framed as Systemic Advocacy. These scenarios ask you to step up when you notice a flaw in a process or an injustice occurring within an organization. For example, you might see a policy that inadvertently discriminates against a specific group of clients.
To address this, you must move beyond individual-level thinking and consider the Macro-level impact. Your response should detail how you would gather data to support your concerns and identify the appropriate stakeholders to approach. This reflects a deep understanding of Organizational Behavior. Advocacy requires courage, but it also requires a strategic approach; you must demonstrate that you can work within the system to change the system. Mentioning the need for collaborative problem-solving—such as forming a task force or suggesting a pilot program—shows that you are a constructive leader rather than a disruptive one. The goal is to show that you can be a voice for those who may not have one, while maintaining a professional and solution-oriented demeanor.
Confidentiality, Consent, and Patient Rights
Breaching Confidentiality: When Is It Justified?
In the realm of healthcare ethics CASPer, confidentiality is treated as a near-absolute rule, but the test often presents the rare exceptions. You must understand the legal and ethical thresholds for breaking confidentiality, such as when there is a "duty to warn" or a significant risk of harm to the client or others.
When responding to these prompts, you should explicitly state the importance of the Therapeutic Alliance and how breaching trust can damage that relationship. However, you must demonstrate the ability to prioritize safety over privacy when necessary. A strong response follows a graduated approach: first, try to persuade the individual to disclose the information themselves; second, consult with a supervisor or legal counsel; and finally, disclose only the minimum necessary information to the relevant authorities. This shows that you do not take the breach lightly and are following a rigorous ethical framework. You must explain that the goal is to protect the individual and the public, aligning with the principle of non-maleficence.
Informed consent is more than a signed document; it is a continuous process of communication. CASPer scenarios may involve individuals who have diminished capacity to give consent, such as minors, people with cognitive impairments, or those under extreme stress.
Your response should focus on the concept of Assent versus Consent. Even if a person cannot legally consent, their involvement in the decision-making process is a matter of respect and dignity. You must demonstrate an understanding of Proxy Decision-Making and the "best interests standard." For instance, if a parent is refusing a necessary treatment for a child based on a misunderstanding, your role is to educate and bridge the gap rather than simply overrule them. You should emphasize the need for cultural humility and the use of translators or advocates to ensure the individual truly understands the risks and benefits. This demonstrates that you value the patient's rights and are committed to a patient-centered approach to care.
Justice, Equity, and Resource Allocation Dilemmas
Fairness in Triaging or Allocating Limited Resources
Scenarios involving resource allocation test your ability to apply the principle of Distributive Justice. You may be asked to decide who receives a limited medication, a scholarship, or a spot in a specialized program. These prompts are designed to be uncomfortable because there is no way to satisfy everyone.
In your response, you must move away from personal bias or "first-come, first-served" logic. Instead, discuss the need for transparent, objective criteria. You might reference Triage Protocols or needs-based assessments. A high-scoring answer will acknowledge the inherent unfairness of the situation and express empathy for those who will not receive the resource. You should also suggest looking for alternative solutions or long-term systemic changes to prevent the shortage in the future. By focusing on the fairness of the process rather than just the outcome, you demonstrate a sophisticated understanding of how to manage scarcity in a professional environment.
Addressing Systemic Bias in a Professional Setting
CASPer frequently includes topics related to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI). You might be presented with a situation where a colleague makes a biased remark or where a hiring process seems skewed against certain groups. These scenarios assess your Cultural Competence and your willingness to be an active bystander.
When addressing systemic bias, your response should reflect an understanding of Implicit Bias—the unconscious associations we all carry. Rather than attacking the individual, which often leads to defensiveness, a better approach is to call them "in" rather than calling them "out." This involves asking clarifying questions to help the person realize the impact of their words or actions. Furthermore, you should discuss the importance of institutional safeguards, such as blinded reviews or diversity training. This shows that you recognize that bias is often a structural issue rather than just an individual one. Your ability to navigate these sensitive topics with grace and a commitment to equity is a major factor in the "Equity" and "Empathy" scoring categories.
Personal vs. Professional Conduct Challenges
In the digital age, the line between private and public life is increasingly blurred. CASPer prompts often explore the consequences of an individual's online behavior on their professional reputation. You might be asked to respond to a colleague posting inappropriate content or a client finding your personal profile.
Your response must highlight the concept of Public Trust. As a professional, your actions reflect not just on yourself, but on your entire profession. You should discuss the importance of maintaining a "digital footprint" that is consistent with professional values. If the scenario involves a colleague's post, your first step should be a private conversation to alert them to the potential risks, demonstrating both peer support and professional responsibility. You should also mention the importance of adhering to Institutional Social Media Policies. This shows that you understand that your rights to free expression are balanced against your responsibilities to your employer and the public you serve.
Managing Personal Beliefs in a Professional Role
One of the most challenging CASPer situational judgment test topics involves a conflict between a professional's personal, religious, or political beliefs and their professional duties. For example, a pharmacist might have a moral objection to dispensing a certain medication.
To handle this, you must demonstrate an understanding of Professional Neutrality. While you are entitled to your personal beliefs, those beliefs cannot interfere with a client's right to access legal and necessary services. A strong response will discuss the concept of an "effective referral." If you cannot perform a task due to a conscientious objection, you have a duty to ensure the client is not abandoned and is directed to someone who can help them. This shows that you can balance your personal integrity with your professional obligations without compromising the standard of care. You must emphasize that the client's needs and rights are the priority in any professional interaction, reflecting a high level of self-awareness and ethical maturity.