How Is the AAMC PREview Scored?
The 1 to 9 Scoring Scale Explained
The AAMC PREview exam utilizes a scaled score system ranging from 1 to 9. This PREview score range is designed to provide a clear, standardized metric that diminishes the "noise" of minor statistical variations found in raw data. A score of 1 represents the lowest level of alignment with professional expectations, while a score of 9 indicates a near-perfect correlation with expert consensus. Most medical school applicants fall within the middle of this bell curve, typically scoring between 4 and 7. The AAMC applies a statistical process known as equating, which ensures that scores remain comparable across different exam forms and testing windows. This means that if one version of the exam features slightly more complex scenarios than another, the scaling process adjusts the results so that a 6 on one form represents the same level of competency as a 6 on another. This standardization is vital for admissions committees who must compare thousands of applicants who took the exam at different times throughout the application cycle.
Scoring Methodology: Alignment with Expert Benchmarks
The fundamental mechanism of PREview scoring is the Consensus Scoring model. For every item on the exam, a panel of medical school faculty, student affairs deans, and diversity officers—individuals who define the standards of the profession—assigns a rating from 1 (Very Ineffective) to 4 (Very Effective). Your score is determined by how closely your rating matches this expert consensus. If your rating perfectly matches the expert benchmark, you receive full credit for that item. If your rating is one point away (e.g., you chose "Effective" while experts chose "Very Effective"), you receive partial credit. However, if your rating is two or three points away from the consensus, you receive no credit for that specific item. This partial credit system acknowledges that professional judgment often exists on a spectrum, rewarding candidates who can distinguish between positive and negative actions even if they do not perfectly identify the intensity of the effectiveness.
How Raw Responses Convert to a Scaled Score
The transition from raw responses to a final scaled score involves a multi-step calculation. First, the total number of points earned across all 186 items is aggregated to create a raw score. Because the PREview exam is not a test of knowledge but of judgment, these raw points do not have an intuitive meaning on their own. The AAMC then maps this raw total onto the 1-9 scale using a conversion table specific to that exam form. This process accounts for the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), a statistical concept that acknowledges no test is a perfect measure of an individual's ability. By reporting a scaled score rather than a raw percentage, the AAMC provides a more stable and reliable indicator of an applicant's professional readiness. Candidates should note that because the 1-9 scale is relatively narrow, a single point difference can represent a significant shift in the underlying raw data and the resulting percentile rank.
Understanding Your AAMC PREview Score Report
Locating Your Total Score and Percentile
When you access your AAMC PREview score report explained in the AAMC portal, the most prominent feature is your total scaled score. Adjacent to this number, you will find your PREview score percentiles, which provide the necessary context for your performance. The percentile rank indicates the percentage of examinees who scored at or below your level over a multi-year period. For example, a score of 8 might place an applicant in the 94th percentile, meaning they performed better than 94% of the comparison group. It is important to distinguish the scaled score from the percentile; while the score is an absolute measure of your alignment with experts, the percentile is a relative measure of how you compare to your peers. Admissions officers often use the percentile rank to quickly gauge where an applicant sits within the current pool of medical school candidates.
Interpreting Competency Area Scores
Beyond the total score, the report provides PREview competency scores or feedback profiles. These sections categorize your performance across the core competencies, such as Resilience, Service Orientation, and Social Skills. Rather than providing a numerical sub-score for each, the report typically uses descriptive indicators to show areas of relative strength and areas for development. This qualitative data is derived from the specific scenarios that targeted those competencies. For instance, if you consistently struggled with scenarios involving interpersonal conflict, your report may flag "Social Skills" as an area for development. This information is highly valuable for self-reflection and can even be used to prepare for the Multiple Mini Interview (MMI), where similar professional dilemmas are presented in a live format. Understanding these nuances allows you to speak more articulately about your professional growth during the interview stage.
The Score Reporting Timeline
A common query among applicants is when are PREview scores released. Generally, scores are made available approximately 30 to 45 days after the conclusion of the testing window. This delay is necessary for the AAMC to conduct rigorous quality control and statistical equating to ensure the integrity of the scaled scores. Once released, the scores are automatically uploaded to the AMCAS (American Medical College Application Service) system. You do not need to manually send your scores to individual schools if they are participating in the AMCAS program. You will receive an email notification when your report is ready for viewing. It is strategically wise to schedule your exam date so that your scores are released early in the application cycle, as many schools operate on a rolling admissions basis and may not review an application until all components, including the PREview score, are received.
The Role of Percentiles in PREview Scoring
What is a Percentile Rank?
The percentile rank is a normative measurement that places your performance in the context of the broader applicant population. In the context of the PREview exam, the AAMC uses a Comparison Group consisting of all examinees from the previous three years to calculate these ranks. This ensures that the percentile is not skewed by a single "high-performing" or "low-performing" test window. If you receive a 75th percentile rank, it signifies that your judgment aligned more closely with the expert panel than 75% of the individuals in the comparison group. This metric is essential because it allows medical schools to understand the scarcity of a specific score. Because the 1-9 scale has limited granularity, the percentile rank helps differentiate between a "high 6" and a "low 6" based on the underlying distribution of raw scores across the population.
How Comparison Groups are Determined
The AAMC updates the comparison group data annually, typically in July, to include the most recent cohorts of test-takers. This process, known as norming, ensures that the percentile ranks remain current and reflective of the modern applicant pool. The comparison group is "stable," meaning the AAMC does not change the percentile associated with a specific scaled score in the middle of an application cycle. This stability is crucial for fairness; it ensures that an applicant who takes the exam in June is evaluated against the same benchmark as an applicant who takes it in September. When you learn how to read AAMC PREview score report data, you should check the "Percentile Rank" column to see which specific comparison group was used, as this data is clearly labeled at the bottom of the report to maintain transparency.
Why Percentiles Matter to Medical Schools
Medical schools use percentiles to establish internal cut-offs or "screening" tiers, though few schools publicize these specific numbers. A percentile rank provides a more "human" element to the data by showing where a candidate stands in the competitive landscape. For example, a school that receives 10,000 applications may decide to prioritize the review of candidates who score in the 70th percentile or above to manage their workload. Furthermore, percentiles allow schools to compare the PREview score with other standardized metrics, such as the MCAT's Confidence Interim or percentile ranks. If a candidate has a high GPA but a very low PREview percentile, it may signal to the admissions committee that while the student is academically capable, they may require more development in the "soft skills" or professional ethics required for clinical practice.
What Medical Schools See in Your Score Report
Data Sent via the AAMC Admissions System
When a medical school receives your application, the PREview data is integrated directly into their admissions software. They do not see your individual answers to the 186 items, nor do they see the specific scenarios you were presented with. Instead, they see a distilled version of your performance: the total scaled score (1-9), the percentile rank, and the competency-based feedback indicators. This ensures that the evaluation remains focused on your overall professional judgment rather than a single "mistake" on one question. The schools also see your testing history, including any previous attempts at the PREview exam. This transparency allows them to see if you have made significant improvements in your professional judgment over time, which can be viewed as a positive indicator of growth and self-awareness.
How Schools Use Scores Holistically
Most participating medical schools utilize the PREview score as part of a Holistic Review process. This means that no single score, including the PREview, will automatically result in an acceptance or rejection. Instead, the score is used to complement other parts of the application, such as the personal statement, letters of recommendation, and the Work and Activities section. For instance, if an applicant has a lower-than-average PREview score but has extensive experience in clinical service and strong letters of recommendation praising their empathy, the school may weigh the real-world evidence more heavily. Conversely, a high PREview score can validate the professional potential of an applicant who may have had fewer opportunities for clinical exposure, serving as a standardized "proof of concept" for their professional readiness.
School-Specific PREview Score Policies
It is vital to research the specific policies of each institution, as the use of PREview varies significantly. Some schools "strongly recommend" the exam, while others "require" it for an application to be considered complete. Furthermore, schools differ in how they handle multiple scores. Some institutions may practice superscoring (though this is rare for SJTs), while most will either look at the most recent score or the highest score. Some schools use the PREview score primarily as a "tie-breaker" between two otherwise identical candidates, while others use it earlier in the process to decide whom to invite for an interview. Always check the school’s official admissions website or the MSAR (Medical School Admission Requirements) database to determine how a specific program integrates PREview scores into their decision-making matrix.
Common Misconceptions About PREview Scoring
Debunking the 'Right Answer' Myth
A frequent misconception is that there is a single "right answer" for every scenario that every student must guess. In reality, the PREview exam measures the degree of effectiveness. The experts who set the benchmark often have internal debates before settling on a rating. The scoring system is designed to reward "good judgment" rather than "perfect mimicry." Because the exam uses a 4-point Likert scale (Very Ineffective, Ineffective, Effective, Very Effective), the scoring algorithm recognizes that the difference between "Effective" and "Very Effective" is often a matter of degree, whereas the difference between "Effective" and "Ineffective" is a matter of kind. You are not being tested on your ability to read the minds of the test-makers, but on your ability to recognize the professional principles—such as autonomy, beneficence, and integrity—that should guide a physician's actions.
No Penalty for Guessing
Unlike some older standardized tests, the AAMC PREview exam does not utilize a "guessing penalty." Your score is based solely on the items you answer correctly or partially correctly. There are no points deducted for incorrect ratings. This has a significant impact on test-taking strategy: you should never leave an item blank. Even if you are unsure whether a response is "Ineffective" or "Very Ineffective," making a choice gives you a 50% chance of earning full credit and a high probability of earning partial credit if the expert consensus is in that direction. This "rights-only" scoring method encourages applicants to commit to a professional judgment for every item, mirroring the real-world requirement for physicians to make decisions even in the face of uncertainty.
The Impact of Retaking the Exam
Many students believe that retaking the PREview exam will negatively impact their application. However, the AAMC allows for retakes, and showing improvement can be a powerful narrative of professional development. If you score in the lower third (scores of 1-3), a retake is often advisable, provided you have spent time reflecting on the AAMC Core Competencies and why your previous judgments may have diverged from the expert consensus. It is important to remember that you can only take the PREview exam twice in a single testing year and no more than three times total. Therefore, a retake should be approached with a clear study plan, focusing on understanding the underlying "why" behind the expert ratings rather than simply trying to memorize scenario patterns.
Benchmarking: What is a Good AAMC PREview Score?
National Score Averages and Distributions
While the AAMC does not publish a "passing" score, historical data suggests that the mean scaled score typically hovers around 5.0, with a standard deviation of approximately 2.0. A "good" score is generally considered to be anything above the mean, specifically scores of 6, 7, 8, or 9. Candidates scoring a 7 or higher are typically in the top 25% of all test-takers, which is a strong indicator of professional alignment. However, because the exam is relatively new compared to the MCAT, the "average" score can fluctuate slightly as the applicant pool becomes more familiar with the format. When evaluating your own score, look at the percentile rank on your report to see exactly how your performance compares to the current national distribution.
Setting Personal and School-Target Goals
Your target score should be informed by the tier of medical schools you are applying to and the rest of your application profile. If you are applying to schools that place a heavy emphasis on community service and social justice, a high score in the "Cultural Competence" and "Service Orientation" areas of the PREview can be a significant asset. If your GPA or MCAT is slightly below the school's median, a PREview score in the 8th or 9th decile can help "offset" those academic metrics by demonstrating exceptional professional maturity. Use the AAMC PREview score report explained resources provided by the AAMC to compare your competency profile against the mission statements of your target schools to see where you align most strongly.
When to Consider a Retake
Deciding whether to retake the PREview requires a balance of logic and self-assessment. If your score is a 4 or 5, you are performing at the average level of a medical school applicant. In this case, a retake may not be necessary unless you have a specific reason to believe you can perform significantly better (e.g., you were ill on test day or experienced technical issues). However, if your score is a 1, 2, or 3, this may raise "red flags" for some admissions committees regarding your situational judgment or understanding of professional boundaries. In these instances, a retake is highly recommended. Before the second attempt, engage in situational judgment training, review the AAMC’s "Effective/Ineffective" rating definitions, and practice with the official sample exams to ensure your internal "compass" is better aligned with the professional standards of the medical community.